Chapter 3

From Gathering to Growing Food

Short Notes

• Farming emerged due to global climate change, observing plant growth, leading to crop cultivation.

• People started domesticating animals, beginning with dogs, followed by sheep, goats, cattle.

• Grains served as seeds, food, and gifts, stored by humans alongside animals, a food source.

• Neolithic Age began around 10,000 years ago, marked by tools like mortars, pestles.

• Mehrgarh, near Bolan Pass, saw early farming of barley, wheat, among the earliest villages.

• Tribes formed with specific customs. Farming, herding found in various sites with plant remains, animal bones studied for evidence.

• Neolithic Age: Post-10,000 years ago, featured pit-houses, tools like mortars, pestles.

• Cotton cultivation initiated weaving of clothes.

• Tribes formed by farmers and herders, practicing specific customs.

• Mehrgarh, near Bolan Pass, earliest village cultivating barley, wheat.

• Excavations reveal chronological levels, house remains with compartments, burial sites.

• DaojaliHading, near Brahmaputra Valley, yielded stone tools, jadeite.

• Domestication: Animal taming for various uses.

• Fossil Wood: Ancient wood transformed into stone.

• Levels: Layers of waste form mounds.

• Neolithic Age: History post-10,000 years ago.

• Tribes: Groups of farmers/herders.

• 12,000 years ago: Domestication begins.

• 10,000 years ago: Neolithic Age starts.

• 8,000 years ago: Mehrgarh settlement commences.