Indian Express Editorial Summary

Editorial Topic : The La Niña Shadow: A Growing Concern for North India’s Air Quality

 GS-1 Mains Exam 

Revision Notes

Context:

The delayed onset of La Niña and the late retreat of the monsoon have significantly increased the likelihood of severe air pollution in North India during the early winter months.

Key Factors Affecting Air Quality

• Delayed monsoon retreat: Slower withdrawal of the monsoon leads to higher humidity and calm winds, trapping pollutants near the surface.
• Delayed onset of La Niña: Neutral conditions contribute to stagnant surface winds, exacerbating pollution.
• Stubble burning: In the absence of La Niña, stubble burning in Punjab and Haryana can significantly impact Delhi’s air quality.
• Climate change: Rapidly changing climate introduces additional uncertainties to air quality.

Impact of La Niña on Air Quality

• Early winter: Delayed onset of La Niña may lead to elevated PM2.5 and PM10 levels due to reduced atmospheric mixing.
• Later winter: If La Niña sets in by December, stronger winds and fewer clouds might improve air quality slightly. However, a longer and more severe winter could limit the benefits of stronger winds.
• Early onset of La Niña: Could have led to improved air quality in the northern zone but worsened winter air in the peninsular region.

Way Forward

• Focus on larger airsheds: Consider regional air quality management strategies rather than focusing solely on individual cities.
• Integrate broader factors: Incorporate climate change and regional emissions into air quality assessments.
• Prioritize health-centric measures: Develop policies that prioritize public health and well-being.

Conclusion

The La Niña shadow poses a significant threat to North India’s air quality. Addressing this issue requires a comprehensive approach that considers both local and regional factors, as well as the long-term impacts of climate change.