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Topic : India’s 4th Periodic Review by the Human Rights Committee
GS-2 Mains : Polity and Governance
Context:
- India underwent its 4th periodic review by the Human Rights Committee under the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) in Geneva (July 15-16, 2024).
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR):
- Adopted by the UN General Assembly in 1966 and entered into force in 1976.
- Legally binding treaty outlining civil and political rights of individuals.
- Monitors implementation through the Human Rights Committee established under Article 28.
- India became a State Party in 1979.
Review Process:
- Human Rights Committee with 18 independent experts conducts periodic reviews.
- Reviews state party reports and makes observations and recommendations.
Key Areas Reviewed in India’s 4th Review:
- Anti-corruption measures
- Non-discrimination (women, minorities)
- Counter-terrorism and national security
- Judicial framework
- Privacy and data protection laws
- New criminal laws
Significance of Human Rights:
- Inherent Dignity: Recognizes the inherent dignity of every person.
- Equality and Non-Discrimination: Promotes equal opportunities and treatment.
- Protection from Abuse: Provides a framework for accountability.
- Global Standards: Establishes international benchmarks for treatment of individuals.
- Human Dignity in Crisis: Offers a foundation for responding to emergencies with respect for human dignity.
Additional Notes:
- This review demonstrates India’s commitment to international human rights frameworks.
- The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) established fundamental human rights protected globally.
- India’s Constitution and legal framework guarantee rights outlined in the ICCPR.
- This was India’s first review since 1997.
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