Chapter-19 : Rural Development
Short Notes or Revision Notes
GIST of India Year Book 2024
Evolution of Rural Development in India
Ministry of Rural Development (MRD):
- Established from Community Projects Administration (1952).
- Focuses on decentralization, land reforms, and rural credit access.
Major Programs:
- Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS):
- Provides 100 days of guaranteed wage employment in rural areas.
- Aims for asset creation, livelihood security, and women’s empowerment.
- Uses NeFMS, APBS, and GIS for transparency and accountability.
- Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana – National Rural Livelihoods Mission (DAY-NRLM):
- Targets poverty reduction through social mobilization, financial inclusion, and livelihoods.
- Focuses on institution building, financial inclusion, and livelihood strategies.
- Pradhan Mantri Awaas Yojana – Gramin (PMAY-G):
- Aims for “Housing for All” in rural India by 2024.
- Converges with other schemes for amenities like water, electricity, and toilets.
- Prioritizes women’s empowerment and uses e-governance for implementation.
Employment & Women Empowerment:
- Rural development programs significantly contribute to job creation.
- PMAY-G prioritizes women-led households and single girl child families.
Monitoring & Evaluation:
- Initiatives like GIS planning, social audits, and e-governance tools ensure transparency.
- PMAY-G Dashboard provides real-time monitoring and helps address discrepancies.
Other Key Programs:
- Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY):Provides all-weather rural road connectivity.
- National Social Assistance Programme (NSAP):Offers social assistance to elderly, widows, disabled, and disadvantaged families.
- Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Grameen Kaushal Yojana (DDU-GKY):Promotes skill development and job creation in rural areas.
- Shyama Prasad Mukherji Rurban Mission:Focuses on development in rural areas with urbanization trends.
- Saansad Adarsh Gram Yojana (SAGY):Supports development of model villages by Members of Parliament.
Institutions:
- National Institute of Rural Development and Panchayati Raj (NIRD&PR):Provides training, research, and consultancy for rural development stakeholders.
Land Records:
- Digital India Land Records Modernization Programme (DILRMP):Modernizes land records with initiatives like ILIMS and ULPIN.
- Bhoomi Samman:Recognizes and incentivizes best practices in land management.
Watershed Development:
- Watershed Development Component of Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana (WDC-PMKSY):Aims for ecological restoration and development of rainfed areas.
Ministry of Panchayati Raj (MoPR):
- Strengthens local self-government through Panchayats (elected village councils).
- Fifteenth Finance Commission emphasizes devolving resources to Panchayats for basic services.
Convergence & Collaboration:
- MGNREGS and other ministries work together for rural development.
- Swachh Bharat Mission (sanitation) and Jal Jeevan Mission (water access) involve cross-ministerial efforts.
- Initiatives like Namami Gange promote riverbank cleanliness.
Empowering Panchayats:
- Schemes like RGSA (Rashtriya Gram Swaraj Abhiyan) and GPDP (Gram Panchayat Development Plan) empower Panchayats.
- e-Panchayat and SVAMITVA utilize technology for governance and land record management.
- National Panchayat Awards motivate performance.