8th June Editorial questions & Summary
Question : Explain the Tiananmen Square protest of 1989 in Mainland China . What similarity it draws from the non-violent struggle method of Mahatma Gandhi ?( 200 words)
प्रश्न: मुख्यभूमि चीन में 1989 के तियानमेन स्क्वायर विरोध की व्याख्या करें। महात्मा गांधी की अहिंसात्मक संघर्ष पद्धति से क्या समानता मिलती है? (200 शब्द)
Questions : What changes did India make/ can make to change it’s equation with it’s neighbouring island countries ? ( 250 words)
प्रश्न: भारत ने अपने पड़ोसी द्वीप देशों के साथ इसे बदलने के लिए क्या परिवर्तन किए / कर सकता है? (250 शब्द)
GS-2
PM MODI’S VISIT TO MALE – COLOMBO ( Summary)
Context : India’s policy towards its maritime neighbours .
PM modi’s visit to Maldives– Srilanka is seen as the Delhi’s diplomatic affirmation of ‘neighbourhood first’ policy , an effort to redefine what our neighbour is.
•trickier relationship with the previous governments in Male and Colombo during Mr. Modi’s first tenure.
India protested when the Yameen government (Maldives) signed a free trade agreement with Beijing, and granted China land for development.
•displeasure clear over the many infrastructure projects Mr. Rajapaksa granted to Chinese companies under heavy Chinese loans.
Deeper concerns — from the Chinese naval presence in both
1.Male
2.Colombo
India has always been focused on SAARC and its continental neighbours . India has difference with almost all the countries in SAARC (historical reasons )which could be solved only by bilateral talks not multilateral talks.
SAARC itself can’t play a role; has no bright future , limitations of structure and enduring.
Opportunity to firmly place the Indian ocean island states into India’s regional geography.
Beginning made in 2015 – Seychelles , Mauritius , Sri lanka
Outlined an Indian Oean strategy called SAGAR (security and growth for all in the region).
PM must expand it to Madagascar , Comoros , Reunion (part of France) and Diego Garcia (host major American military facility).
Delhi should also focus on small islands that dot sea lines of communication in the eastern Indian ocean – Coco & Keeling Is.
Andaman and Nicobar have a critical role
Shrinking of India’s regional vision was also reinforced by India’s inward economic orientation and sundering of historic commercial ties with the maritime neighbours.
The Prime Minister’s visit to the Maldives aims to send a three pronged message:
1.highlevel contacts between close neighbours,
2.Assist as development partners, and
3.Strengthen people to people ties.
For Sri Lanka, Delhi’s is one of solidarity in the aftermath of the
1.Easter sunday terror attacks and
2.Communal violence that followed,
3.Commitment to continue bilateral cooperation on joint development projects agreed to in 2017.
PM Modi will be the first international leader to visit Colombo since the attacks.
Now, the situation has turned— Governments in both countries have changed.
India has chosen to mute its opposition to their continued cooperation with China on the Belt and Road Initiative.
It also comes from a realisation in Delhi that at a time when factors such as the U.S. China trade tussles and tensions in West Asia pose uncertainties, strong neighbourhood ties can provide much comfort.
GS-1
Tiananmen Square protests
CONTEXT : June 4th incident in mainland China and shaping of non violent struggles.
Commonly known in mainland China as the June Fourth Incident were student-led demonstrations held in Tiananmen Square in Beijing during 1989.
The protests started on 15 April and were forcibly suppressed on 4 June when the government
1.Declared martial law and
2.Sent the military to occupy central parts of Beijing
victory of nonviolent campaigns in Poland and in Czechoslovakia the technique of non-violent transformation of authoritarian regimes into liberal democracies turned into a global-cultural phenomenon
self-empowerment strategies
In Latin America, North Africa and West Asia, where armed struggle was once seen as the only path to freedom, nonviolent campaigns are now considered institutionalised methods of struggle for democratic invention and democratic governance.
• important tasks that was set by the nonviolent movements of 1989 was — “good governance”
• For the advocates of nonviolence in 1989, democracy was not just
1.“An institutional arrangement for organising the political society”
2.But a new attitude and approach towards the problem of power.
Gandhian manner-The concept of power should go hand in hand with responsibility.
where nonviolence is practised, democracy is honoured.
Undoubtedly, for all the non-violent actors of 1989, the twin practices of selfdiscipline and empathetic service seemed necessary in order to control an unjust and inappropriate power.
Way forward : democracy is a system based on trust in human action and the fact that the impossible could become possible.
हिन्दी