Daily Hot Topic
Topic : Quantum Science and Technology (QST)
GS-3 Mains : Science and technology
In the News
- 2025: Declared International Year of Quantum Science and Technology (IYQ) by the United Nations.
About QST
- Studies the strange behavior of particles at the atomic and subatomic level (quantum mechanics).
- Significant government and private sector investment globally.
Applications
- Quantum Computing
- Uses qubits (can be in multiple states at once) for super-fast calculations.
- Applications in cryptography, materials science, simulations, and optimization.
- Quantum Sensors
- Unprecedented precision and sensitivity using quantum principles.
- Benefits healthcare (imaging), environmental monitoring, and navigation.
- Quantum Communication
- Ultra-secure data transmission via quantum entanglement.
Significance
- Potential value of $1.3 trillion by 2035 across four sectors (automotive, chemicals, finance, life sciences) – McKinsey report.
- China leads in investment ($10 billion in 2022), followed by EU and US.
- India’s current contribution: $730 million (Rs. 6,100 crore).
- QST has the potential to revolutionize how we transmit and utilize information.
Challenges
- Dual-use nature of QST (both advancements and cybersecurity threats).
- Need for ethical frameworks and regulations.
- Lack of impact studies on responsible innovation frameworks in QST.
- Limited access to talent and technologies.
Related Initiatives
- World Economic Forum (WEF):
- Promotes transparency, inclusivity, and accountability in quantum computing governance.
- Aims to build trust, manage risks, and foster responsible innovation.
- National Strategies (e.g., US National Quantum Strategy):
- Prioritize protecting intellectual property and enabling technologies.
- Researcher-proposed frameworks emphasize responsible research and innovation (RRI).
Conclusion
- QST will be a key scientific field of the 21st century.
- Collaboration among stakeholders (researchers, governments, private sector) is crucial for responsible development.
- Governments need to safeguard research, intellectual property, and enabling technologies.
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