MCQS
Q1: Consider the following statements about Ethiopia and choose the incorrect option :
- Ethiopia is a landlocked country sharing borders with Sudan, South Sudan, Kenya
and Somalia.
- The country has recently declared war with its enemy state of Eritrea.
- 1 only
- 2 only
- Both 1 and 2
- Neither 1 nor 2
Answer : b
Explanation
Ethiopia is a country on the Horn of Africa. The capital is Addis Ababa (“New
Flower”), located almost at the centre of the country.
Ethiopia is bounded by Eritrea to the north, Djibouti to the northeast, Somalia
to the east, Kenya to the south, and South Sudan and Sudan to the west.
Abiy Ahmed, after becoming Ethiopia’s Prime Minister in April 2018, reached out to
the political opposition, ushered democratic reforms, lifted curbs on the media and
made peace with Eritrea – moves that won him the Nobel Peace Prize in 2019.
Abiy has declared war on the country’s Tigray region, which is ruled by the powerful
Tigray People’s Liberation Front (TPLF), in response to its attack on a federal
military base in Tigray.
Eritrea is a sworn enemy of the TPLF, which shares a long border with the Tigray region.
Q2: Consider the following statements and choose the correct options:
- Vulture Action Plan 2020-25 aims to ensure minimum use of Diclofenac.
- All the species of vultures in India are critically-endangered.
- 1 only
- 2 only
- Both 1 and 2
- Neither 1 nor 2
Answer : a
Explanation
Recently, the Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change (MoEFCC) launched a Vulture Action Plan 2020-25 for the conservation of vultures in the country.
Some of the objectives of the Action Plan for Vulture Conservation 2020-2025. To ensure minimum use of Diclofenac.
To Prevent the poisoning of the principal food of vultures, the cattle carcasses, with veterinary NSAIDs, by ensuring that sale of veterinary NSAIDs is regulated and is disbursed only on prescription and by ensuring that treatment of livestock is done only by qualified veterinarians.
Between the 1990s and 2007, numbers of three presently critically-endangered species, the Oriental white-backed, long-billed and slender-billed vultures decreased massively with 99% of the species having been wiped out.
The number of red-headed vultures, also critically-endangered now, declined by 91% while the Egyptian vultures by 80%.
Indian Griffon Vulture (Gyps Fulvus), Himalayan Griffon (Gyps Himalayensis), Cinereous Vulture (Aegypius Monachus) and Bearded Vulture or Lammergeier (Gypaetus Barbatus) are Near Threatened.
Q3: With reference to Vital statistics of India based on the Civil Registration System report 2018, consider the following statements and choose the correct options:
- Haryana recorded the worst sex ratio at birth.
- The report was published by the Census Commissioner of India.
- 1 only
- 2 only
- Both 1 and 2
- Neither 1 nor 2
Answer : d
Explanation
According to the 2018 report on “vital statistics of India based on the Civil Registration System”, Arunachal Pradesh recorded the best sex ratio at birth in the country while Manipur recorded the worst sex ratio at birth.
The report was published by the Registrar General of India.
Sex ratio at birth is number of females born per thousand males. It is an important
indicator to map the gender gap of a population.
Q4: Consider the following statements and choose the correct options:
- Under Article 32, the Supreme Court has power to issue writs for the enforcement of any of the fundamental and legal rights of citizens only.
- The High Court can not issue writs to any authority outside its territorial jurisdiction.
- 1 only
- 2 only
- Both 1 and 2
- Neither 1 nor 2
Answer : d
Explanation
Article 32 of the Constitution (Right to Constitutional Remedies) is a fundamental right, which states that individuals have the right to approach the
Supreme Court (SC) seeking enforcement of other fundamental rights recognised by the Constitution.
The SC has power to issue directions or orders or writs for the enforcement of any of the fundamental rights. The writs issued may include habeas corpus, mandamus, prohibition, certiorari and quo-warranto.
Article 226 of the Constitution empowers a high court to issue writs including habeas corpus, mandamus, certiorari, prohibition and quo warranto for the enforcement of the fundamental rights of the citizens and for any other purpose.
The phrase ‘for any other purpose’ refers to the enforcement of an ordinary legal right. This implies that the writ jurisdiction of the high court is wider than that of the SC
This is because the SC can issue writs only for the enforcement of fundamental
rights and not for any other purpose, that is, it does not extend to a case where
the breach of an ordinary legal right is alleged.
The high court can issue writs to any person, authority and government not only
within its territorial jurisdiction but also outside its territorial jurisdiction if the cause of action arises within its territorial jurisdiction.
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