India’s Growing Renewable Energy Capacity
GS-3 Mains (Energy)
Short Notes or Revision Notes
Question : Examine India’s targets and commitments regarding renewable energy, including the goal of achieving 500 GW of non-fossil fuel energy capacity by 2030 and securing 50% of energy from renewables by the same year.
Growth:
- 48 GW added in FY 2023-24 (21% increase from previous year).
- Total installed capacity: 178.98 GW (↑2.34 times since 2014).
- Driven by solar (12.78 GW) and wind (2.27 GW).
Leaders in Renewable Energy:
- Gujarat & Rajasthan (27 GW each).
- Tamil Nadu (22 GW).
- Karnataka (21 GW).
- Maharashtra (17 GW).
- Himachal Pradesh & Andhra Pradesh (11 GW each).
Targets:
- 500 GW non-fossil fuel energy capacity by 2030.
- 50% of energy from renewables by 2030 (COP26 pledge).
- Annual bidding target of 50 GW renewable energy projects.
National Benefits:
- Non-fossil fuel capacity up 396% in 8.5 years (190.97 GW).
- 44% of India’s total capacity is non-fossil fuel.
- Renewable sector to create ~1 million jobs by 2030 (mostly from small-scale projects).
Challenges:
- Financial health of power distribution companies (DISCOMs).
- Land use issues (policy, records, permissions).
- Rapid demand growth & dependence on fossil fuels.
Government Initiatives:
- 100% FDI allowed for renewable energy.
- Waiver of inter-state transmission charges for solar & wind power.
Key Schemes & Programs:
- Solar Parks & Ultra Mega Solar Power Projects.
- CPSU Scheme Phase-II.
- PLI Scheme for High Efficiency Solar PV Modules.
- PM-KUSUM Scheme.
- Rooftop Solar Programme Phase II.
- Green Energy Corridors.
- Bio-Energy Programme.
- Public awareness campaigns.
Conclusion:
- India’s renewable energy growth signifies its commitment to a sustainable future.
- This progress offers hope and a model for other countries.
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