Switzerland: A Trusted Mediator in Global Conflicts

GS-2 Mains

Upcoming Peace Conference on Ukraine:Switzerland to host conference on June 15-16, aiming to break the deadlock between Ukraine and Russia.

Switzerland’s Role in Global Crisis Management:

Represents US in Iran since 1979 hostage crisis.
Has a task force on the Middle East and supports a two-state solution for Israel-Palestine.
Recently called Hamas a “terrorist organization” while clarifying distinction from Palestinians.
Offered UNSC its good offices to facilitate peace talks in the Middle East.
Hosted historic meetings during the Cold War (Reagan-Gorbachev, 1985) and Bosnian War negotiations (1995).
Provided back channels for communication, such as for South Africa’s pre-democracy Archbishop.

Why is Switzerland Preferred for Negotiations?

Discretion, dedication, and strong work ethic of Swiss diplomats.
Experience handling complex diplomatic issues.
Hosted Biden-Putin summit in 2021, fostering positive atmosphere despite no breakthrough.
Longstanding democracy with emphasis on rule-based progress.
Highly literate population stays informed through diverse media.
Extensive citizen participation in decision-making at all levels (local, cantonal, federal).
Focus on consensus building, even if it slows progress.
Economic success with globally recognized brands across various sectors.

International Conference on Russia-Ukraine Conflict (to be held in Switzerland, June 2024)

Goals:

Achieve comprehensive, just, and lasting peace for Ukraine (aligned with international law and UN Charter).
Create a common framework for peace and a roadmap for the peace process.

Expected Attendees:

Over 100 countries confirmed, including G7 members, EU representatives, Brazil, India, China, South Africa, Ethiopia, and Saudi Arabia.
US President Joe Biden likely to attend.
Russia has declined attendance but maintains communication with Switzerland.

Switzerland’s Role:

Hosting the conference due to its reputation for neutrality and trust among warring parties.
Has engaged with both Russia and Ukraine.
Potential Bias Concerns:
- Froze assets of Russian oligarchs in Swiss banks ($8.81 billion estimated).
- Planning a Ukraine Mine Action Conference in October.
- Swiss media reports on Putin’s family living in Switzerland.
- Russia considering relocating South Caucasus talks from Geneva due to Switzerland’s stance.

India’s Role:

Foreign Minister Jaishankar met with Swiss counterpart to discuss the conference (March 2024).
May be seen as a potential mediator with Russia.
India’s official position on participation not yet confirmed.

Conference Outcomes:

No final document expected.
Emphasis on gradualism and back-channel diplomacy.
Aim to gather a large representation to discuss the war and human rights values.
Potential for a new approach to peace negotiations.

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