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Ancient History of India : OLD NCERT Short Notes or Revision : CHAPTER-13 : The Later Vedic Phase: Transition to State and Social Orders (Arora IAS) OLD NCERT Notes
CHAPTER-13 : The Later Vedic Phase: Transition to State and Social Orders Ancient History of India OLD NCERT Short Notes or Revision Notes Later Vedic Period (1000-500 BC)
Vedic Texts:
Samhitas (collections of hymns):
Rig Veda Samhita (oldest). Yajur Veda (rituals). Atharva Veda (charms and spells).
Material Culture
Iron Use:
First used in Mesopotamia (5000 BC), Anatolia (3rd millennium BC). Valued as a precious metal in western Asia (until 1200 BC). In India, possibly used in Harappan times and copper-stone age. Widespread use for tools and weapons by 1000 BC.
Agriculture:
Wooden ploughshare used in the Gangetic plains.
Arts and Crafts:
Copper used for tools (pre-1000 BC). Four types of pottery: black-and-red ware, black-slipped ware, Painted Grey Ware, red-ware.
Social Structure
Upanayana Ceremony:
Initiated Vedic education (wearing the sacred thread). Restricted to the three higher varnas.
This entry was posted in Notes , Short Notes and tagged Anatolia , Ancient History of India , black-and-red ware , black-slipped ware , Later Vedic Period , Mesopotamia , OLD NCERT , Painted Grey Ware , red-ware , The Later Vedic Phase .
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