Prelims Exam
Short Notes or Revison Notes
1.Geroscience
- Introduced by Dr. Daniel Belsky (Columbia University) to study aging.
- Aims to identify and target the root causes of age-related diseases.
Geroscience and Ageing
- Blood test to determine aging rate:
- Studies methylation in seniors’ DNA to identify a marker called ‘gerozyme’.
- Potential interventions:
- Drugs like metformin to target ‘gerozyme’.
- Inhibiting the enzyme TORC1 to improve immunity in elderly.
- Balanced diet for reducing inflammation and promoting brain health.
2.Zero FIR
- FIR registered for an offense committed outside the station’s jurisdiction.
- Transferred to the relevant police station for investigation.
- Introduced based on the Justice Verma Committee recommendations (2012 Nirbhaya case).
- Purpose: Speedy action for victims by ensuring timely FIR registration.
3.Doxxing
- Digital publishing of someone’s private information (address, phone number, email, medical records, etc.).
- Enables online harassment and exploitation by remote individuals.
- Information often obtained through illegal hacking or theft.
- Social media platforms bound by India’s IT Rules for addressing cybercrime complaints.
4.Cryogenics
- The science of materials at extremely low temperatures (below -153°C).
- Refrigeration techniques used to achieve such temperatures.
- Pioneered by Prof. Kamerlingh Onnes (University of Leiden) for liquefying gases (oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, helium).
- Deals with the liquefaction of gases encountered as everyday elements.
- Liquid helium and nitrogen commonly used as cryogenic fluids for cooling.
Applications of Cryogenics
- Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in medical diagnostics uses cryogenic fluids to cool magnets.
- ISRO’s CE20 cryogenic engine for powering Gaganyaan missions’ LVM3 launch vehicle.
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