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Legal Framework and Heritage Preservation in India

GS-1 Mains Exam

Question : Critically analyze the role of government agencies, such as the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI), in managing and protecting India’s heritage sites. Discuss the challenges faced by these agencies and suggest reforms to enhance their effectiveness in heritage preservation.

India’s Rich Heritage:

• Ancient civilization with one of the richest cultural heritages.
• Built heritage reflects multi-millennial interactions with diverse cultures.
• Managed by various government agencies at national, state, and local levels.
• Encompasses diverse structures like temples, forts, and Mughal monuments.

Challenges to Heritage Preservation:

• Natural disasters (earthquakes, floods, tsunamis) pose a constant threat.
• Under-funding from both public and private sources.
• Balancing rapid urbanization with heritage preservation.
• Threats from urban pressures, neglect, vandalism, and demolition.

Laws and Regulations:

• Protected under Article 49 and 51A(f) of the Indian Constitution.
• The Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act, 1958.
• India is a signatory to UNESCO’s World Heritage Convention.
• Various state heritage laws exist.
• Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) has jurisdiction over nationally protected monuments.

Suggestions for Improvement:

• Existing laws need better implementation for effective conservation.
• Develop a national strategy for heritage preservation.
• Integrate heritage rehabilitation into disaster management plans.
• Conduct thorough documentation of heritage structures and potential risks.
• Implement innovative funding mechanisms for protection and post-disaster rehabilitation.
• Combine conservation with urban improvements and economic opportunities.
• Create a comprehensive budget and financing plan for heritage preservation.
• Recognize heritage as a source of employment and income through tourism and development.